Estimates of influenza vaccine effectiveness for 2007-2008 from Canada's sentinel surveillance system: cross-protection against major and minor variants.
Identifieur interne : 000446 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000445; suivant : 000447Estimates of influenza vaccine effectiveness for 2007-2008 from Canada's sentinel surveillance system: cross-protection against major and minor variants.
Auteurs : Naveed Z. Janjua [Canada] ; Danuta M. Skowronski ; Gaston De Serres ; Jim Dickinson ; Natasha S. Crowcroft ; Marsha Taylor ; Anne-Luise Winter ; Travis S. Hottes ; Kevin Fonseca ; Hugues Charest ; Steven J. Drews ; Suzana Sabaiduc ; Nathalie Bastien ; Yan Li ; Jennifer L. Gardy ; Martin PetricSource :
- The Journal of infectious diseases [ 1537-6613 ] ; 2012.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Adolescent, Adulte, Adulte d'âge moyen, Analyse de regroupements, Analyse de séquence d'ADN, Antigènes viraux (analyse), Canada (épidémiologie), Données de séquences moléculaires, Enfant, Enfant d'âge préscolaire, Femelle, Grippe humaine (), Grippe humaine (épidémiologie), Génotype, Humains, Jeune adulte, Mâle, Nez (virologie), Nourrisson, Partie nasale du pharynx (virologie), Protection croisée, Réaction de polymérisation en chaine en temps réel, Sujet âgé, Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus, Surveillance sentinelle, Tests d'inhibition de l'hémagglutination, Vaccins antigrippaux (administration et posologie), Vaccins antigrippaux (immunologie), Virus de la grippe A (), Virus de la grippe A (génétique), Virus de la grippe A (immunologie), Virus de la grippe A (isolement et purification), Virus influenza B (), Virus influenza B (génétique), Virus influenza B (immunologie), Virus influenza B (isolement et purification).
- MESH :
- administration et posologie : Vaccins antigrippaux.
- analyse : Antigènes viraux.
- génétique : Virus de la grippe A, Virus influenza B.
- immunologie : Vaccins antigrippaux, Virus de la grippe A, Virus influenza B.
- isolement et purification : Virus de la grippe A, Virus influenza B.
- virologie : Nez, Partie nasale du pharynx.
- épidémiologie : Canada, Grippe humaine.
- Adolescent, Adulte, Adulte d'âge moyen, Analyse de regroupements, Analyse de séquence d'ADN, Données de séquences moléculaires, Enfant, Enfant d'âge préscolaire, Femelle, Grippe humaine, Génotype, Humains, Jeune adulte, Mâle, Nourrisson, Protection croisée, Réaction de polymérisation en chaine en temps réel, Sujet âgé, Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus, Surveillance sentinelle, Tests d'inhibition de l'hémagglutination, Virus de la grippe A, Virus influenza B.
- Wicri :
- geographic : Canada.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antigens, Viral (analysis), Canada (epidemiology), Child, Child, Preschool, Cluster Analysis, Cross Protection, Female, Genotype, Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests, Humans, Infant, Influenza A virus (classification), Influenza A virus (genetics), Influenza A virus (immunology), Influenza A virus (isolation & purification), Influenza B virus (classification), Influenza B virus (genetics), Influenza B virus (immunology), Influenza B virus (isolation & purification), Influenza Vaccines (administration & dosage), Influenza Vaccines (immunology), Influenza, Human (epidemiology), Influenza, Human (prevention & control), Male, Middle Aged, Molecular Sequence Data, Nasopharynx (virology), Nose (virology), Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sentinel Surveillance, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Young Adult.
- MESH :
- chemical , administration & dosage : Influenza Vaccines.
- chemical , analysis : Antigens, Viral.
- geographic , epidemiology : Canada.
- classification : Influenza A virus, Influenza B virus.
- epidemiology : Influenza, Human.
- genetics : Influenza A virus, Influenza B virus.
- immunology : Influenza A virus, Influenza B virus, Influenza Vaccines.
- isolation & purification : Influenza A virus, Influenza B virus.
- prevention & control : Influenza, Human.
- virology : Nasopharynx, Nose.
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Child, Preschool, Cluster Analysis, Cross Protection, Female, Genotype, Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests, Humans, Infant, Male, Middle Aged, Molecular Sequence Data, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sentinel Surveillance, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Young Adult.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
To estimate influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) for the 2007-2008 season and assess the sentinel surveillance system in Canada for monitoring virus evolution and impact on VE.
METHODS
Nasal/nasopharyngeal swabs and epidemiologic details were collected from patients presenting to a sentinel physician within 7 days of influenza-like illness onset. Cases tested positive for influenza A/B virus by real-time polymerase chain reaction; controls tested negative. Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and gene sequencing explored virus relatedness to vaccine. VE was calculated as 1 minus the odds ratio for influenza in vaccinated versus nonvaccinated participants, with adjustment for confounders.
RESULTS
Of 1425 participants, 21% were vaccinated. Influenza virus was detected in 689 (48%), of which isolates from 663 were typed/subtyped: 189 (29%) were A/H1, 210 (32%) were A/H3, and 264 (40%) were B. Of A/H1N1 isolates, 6% showed minor HI antigenic mismatch to vaccine, with greater variation based on genetic identity. All A/H3N2 isolates showed moderate antigenic mismatch, and 98% of influenza B virus isolates showed major lineage-level mismatch to vaccine. Adjusted VE for A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B components was 69% (95% confidence interval [CI], 44%-83%), 57% (95% CI, 32%-73%), and 55% (95% CI, 32%-70%), respectively, with an overall VE of 60% (95% CI, 45%-71%).
CONCLUSIONS
Detailed antigenic and genotypic analysis of influenza viruses was consistent with epidemiologic estimates of VE showing cross-protection. A routine sentinel surveillance system that combines detailed virus and VE monitoring annually, as modeled in Canada, may guide improved vaccine selection and protection.
DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jis283
PubMed: 22492921
Affiliations:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Le document en format XML
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Janjua</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>British Columbia Centre for Disease Control</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Skowronski, Danuta M" sort="Skowronski, Danuta M" uniqKey="Skowronski D" first="Danuta M" last="Skowronski">Danuta M. Skowronski</name></author><author><name sortKey="De Serres, Gaston" sort="De Serres, Gaston" uniqKey="De Serres G" first="Gaston" last="De Serres">Gaston De Serres</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dickinson, Jim" sort="Dickinson, Jim" uniqKey="Dickinson J" first="Jim" last="Dickinson">Jim Dickinson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Crowcroft, Natasha S" sort="Crowcroft, Natasha S" uniqKey="Crowcroft N" first="Natasha S" last="Crowcroft">Natasha S. Crowcroft</name></author><author><name sortKey="Taylor, Marsha" sort="Taylor, Marsha" uniqKey="Taylor M" first="Marsha" last="Taylor">Marsha Taylor</name></author><author><name sortKey="Winter, Anne Luise" sort="Winter, Anne Luise" uniqKey="Winter A" first="Anne-Luise" last="Winter">Anne-Luise Winter</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hottes, Travis S" sort="Hottes, Travis S" uniqKey="Hottes T" first="Travis S" last="Hottes">Travis S. Hottes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fonseca, Kevin" sort="Fonseca, Kevin" uniqKey="Fonseca K" first="Kevin" last="Fonseca">Kevin Fonseca</name></author><author><name sortKey="Charest, Hugues" sort="Charest, Hugues" uniqKey="Charest H" first="Hugues" last="Charest">Hugues Charest</name></author><author><name sortKey="Drews, Steven J" sort="Drews, Steven J" uniqKey="Drews S" first="Steven J" last="Drews">Steven J. 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Gardy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Petric, Martin" sort="Petric, Martin" uniqKey="Petric M" first="Martin" last="Petric">Martin Petric</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">The Journal of infectious diseases</title><idno type="eISSN">1537-6613</idno><imprint><date when="2012" type="published">2012</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent</term><term>Adult</term><term>Aged</term><term>Aged, 80 and over</term><term>Antigens, Viral (analysis)</term><term>Canada (epidemiology)</term><term>Child</term><term>Child, Preschool</term><term>Cluster Analysis</term><term>Cross Protection</term><term>Female</term><term>Genotype</term><term>Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests</term><term>Humans</term><term>Infant</term><term>Influenza A virus (classification)</term><term>Influenza A virus (genetics)</term><term>Influenza A virus (immunology)</term><term>Influenza A virus (isolation & purification)</term><term>Influenza B virus (classification)</term><term>Influenza B virus (genetics)</term><term>Influenza B virus (immunology)</term><term>Influenza B virus (isolation & purification)</term><term>Influenza Vaccines (administration & dosage)</term><term>Influenza Vaccines (immunology)</term><term>Influenza, Human (epidemiology)</term><term>Influenza, Human (prevention & control)</term><term>Male</term><term>Middle Aged</term><term>Molecular Sequence Data</term><term>Nasopharynx (virology)</term><term>Nose (virology)</term><term>Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction</term><term>Sentinel Surveillance</term><term>Sequence Analysis, DNA</term><term>Young Adult</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adolescent</term><term>Adulte</term><term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term><term>Analyse de regroupements</term><term>Analyse de séquence d'ADN</term><term>Antigènes viraux (analyse)</term><term>Canada (épidémiologie)</term><term>Données de séquences moléculaires</term><term>Enfant</term><term>Enfant d'âge préscolaire</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Grippe humaine ()</term><term>Grippe humaine (épidémiologie)</term><term>Génotype</term><term>Humains</term><term>Jeune adulte</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Nez (virologie)</term><term>Nourrisson</term><term>Partie nasale du pharynx (virologie)</term><term>Protection croisée</term><term>Réaction de polymérisation en chaine en temps réel</term><term>Sujet âgé</term><term>Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus</term><term>Surveillance sentinelle</term><term>Tests d'inhibition de l'hémagglutination</term><term>Vaccins antigrippaux (administration et posologie)</term><term>Vaccins antigrippaux (immunologie)</term><term>Virus de la grippe A ()</term><term>Virus de la grippe A (génétique)</term><term>Virus de la grippe A (immunologie)</term><term>Virus de la grippe A (isolement et purification)</term><term>Virus influenza B ()</term><term>Virus influenza B (génétique)</term><term>Virus influenza B (immunologie)</term><term>Virus influenza B (isolement et purification)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="administration & dosage" xml:lang="en"><term>Influenza Vaccines</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="analysis" xml:lang="en"><term>Antigens, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Canada</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="administration et posologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Vaccins antigrippaux</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="analyse" xml:lang="fr"><term>Antigènes viraux</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="classification" xml:lang="en"><term>Influenza A virus</term><term>Influenza B virus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Influenza, Human</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Influenza A virus</term><term>Influenza B virus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Virus de la grippe A</term><term>Virus influenza B</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="immunologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Vaccins antigrippaux</term><term>Virus de la grippe A</term><term>Virus influenza B</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="immunology" xml:lang="en"><term>Influenza A virus</term><term>Influenza B virus</term><term>Influenza Vaccines</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolation & purification" xml:lang="en"><term>Influenza A virus</term><term>Influenza B virus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolement et purification" xml:lang="fr"><term>Virus de la grippe A</term><term>Virus influenza B</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="prevention & control" xml:lang="en"><term>Influenza, Human</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Nez</term><term>Partie nasale du pharynx</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virology" xml:lang="en"><term>Nasopharynx</term><term>Nose</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="épidémiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Canada</term><term>Grippe humaine</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent</term><term>Adult</term><term>Aged</term><term>Aged, 80 and over</term><term>Child</term><term>Child, Preschool</term><term>Cluster Analysis</term><term>Cross Protection</term><term>Female</term><term>Genotype</term><term>Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests</term><term>Humans</term><term>Infant</term><term>Male</term><term>Middle Aged</term><term>Molecular Sequence Data</term><term>Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction</term><term>Sentinel Surveillance</term><term>Sequence Analysis, DNA</term><term>Young Adult</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adolescent</term><term>Adulte</term><term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term><term>Analyse de regroupements</term><term>Analyse de séquence d'ADN</term><term>Données de séquences moléculaires</term><term>Enfant</term><term>Enfant d'âge préscolaire</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Grippe humaine</term><term>Génotype</term><term>Humains</term><term>Jeune adulte</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Nourrisson</term><term>Protection croisée</term><term>Réaction de polymérisation en chaine en temps réel</term><term>Sujet âgé</term><term>Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus</term><term>Surveillance sentinelle</term><term>Tests d'inhibition de l'hémagglutination</term><term>Virus de la grippe A</term><term>Virus influenza B</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="geographic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Canada</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>OBJECTIVES</b></p><p>To estimate influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) for the 2007-2008 season and assess the sentinel surveillance system in Canada for monitoring virus evolution and impact on VE.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>METHODS</b></p><p>Nasal/nasopharyngeal swabs and epidemiologic details were collected from patients presenting to a sentinel physician within 7 days of influenza-like illness onset. Cases tested positive for influenza A/B virus by real-time polymerase chain reaction; controls tested negative. Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and gene sequencing explored virus relatedness to vaccine. VE was calculated as 1 minus the odds ratio for influenza in vaccinated versus nonvaccinated participants, with adjustment for confounders.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>RESULTS</b></p><p>Of 1425 participants, 21% were vaccinated. Influenza virus was detected in 689 (48%), of which isolates from 663 were typed/subtyped: 189 (29%) were A/H1, 210 (32%) were A/H3, and 264 (40%) were B. Of A/H1N1 isolates, 6% showed minor HI antigenic mismatch to vaccine, with greater variation based on genetic identity. All A/H3N2 isolates showed moderate antigenic mismatch, and 98% of influenza B virus isolates showed major lineage-level mismatch to vaccine. Adjusted VE for A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B components was 69% (95% confidence interval [CI], 44%-83%), 57% (95% CI, 32%-73%), and 55% (95% CI, 32%-70%), respectively, with an overall VE of 60% (95% CI, 45%-71%).</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b></p><p>Detailed antigenic and genotypic analysis of influenza viruses was consistent with epidemiologic estimates of VE showing cross-protection. A routine sentinel surveillance system that combines detailed virus and VE monitoring annually, as modeled in Canada, may guide improved vaccine selection and protection.</p></div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">22492921</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2012</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>25</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2012</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>22</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1537-6613</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>205</Volume><Issue>12</Issue><PubDate><Year>2012</Year><Month>Jun</Month><Day>15</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>The Journal of infectious diseases</Title><ISOAbbreviation>J. Infect. Dis.</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Estimates of influenza vaccine effectiveness for 2007-2008 from Canada's sentinel surveillance system: cross-protection against major and minor variants.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>1858-68</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1093/infdis/jis283</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="OBJECTIVES" NlmCategory="OBJECTIVE">To estimate influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) for the 2007-2008 season and assess the sentinel surveillance system in Canada for monitoring virus evolution and impact on VE.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">Nasal/nasopharyngeal swabs and epidemiologic details were collected from patients presenting to a sentinel physician within 7 days of influenza-like illness onset. Cases tested positive for influenza A/B virus by real-time polymerase chain reaction; controls tested negative. Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and gene sequencing explored virus relatedness to vaccine. VE was calculated as 1 minus the odds ratio for influenza in vaccinated versus nonvaccinated participants, with adjustment for confounders.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">Of 1425 participants, 21% were vaccinated. Influenza virus was detected in 689 (48%), of which isolates from 663 were typed/subtyped: 189 (29%) were A/H1, 210 (32%) were A/H3, and 264 (40%) were B. Of A/H1N1 isolates, 6% showed minor HI antigenic mismatch to vaccine, with greater variation based on genetic identity. All A/H3N2 isolates showed moderate antigenic mismatch, and 98% of influenza B virus isolates showed major lineage-level mismatch to vaccine. Adjusted VE for A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B components was 69% (95% confidence interval [CI], 44%-83%), 57% (95% CI, 32%-73%), and 55% (95% CI, 32%-70%), respectively, with an overall VE of 60% (95% CI, 45%-71%).</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">Detailed antigenic and genotypic analysis of influenza viruses was consistent with epidemiologic estimates of VE showing cross-protection. A routine sentinel surveillance system that combines detailed virus and VE monitoring annually, as modeled in Canada, may guide improved vaccine selection and protection.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Janjua</LastName><ForeName>Naveed Z</ForeName><Initials>NZ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Skowronski</LastName><ForeName>Danuta M</ForeName><Initials>DM</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>De Serres</LastName><ForeName>Gaston</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dickinson</LastName><ForeName>Jim</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Crowcroft</LastName><ForeName>Natasha S</ForeName><Initials>NS</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Taylor</LastName><ForeName>Marsha</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Winter</LastName><ForeName>Anne-Luise</ForeName><Initials>AL</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hottes</LastName><ForeName>Travis S</ForeName><Initials>TS</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fonseca</LastName><ForeName>Kevin</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Charest</LastName><ForeName>Hugues</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Drews</LastName><ForeName>Steven J</ForeName><Initials>SJ</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sabaiduc</LastName><ForeName>Suzana</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bastien</LastName><ForeName>Nathalie</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Li</LastName><ForeName>Yan</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gardy</LastName><ForeName>Jennifer L</ForeName><Initials>JL</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Petric</LastName><ForeName>Martin</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><DataBankList 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first="Nathalie" last="Bastien">Nathalie Bastien</name><name sortKey="Charest, Hugues" sort="Charest, Hugues" uniqKey="Charest H" first="Hugues" last="Charest">Hugues Charest</name><name sortKey="Crowcroft, Natasha S" sort="Crowcroft, Natasha S" uniqKey="Crowcroft N" first="Natasha S" last="Crowcroft">Natasha S. Crowcroft</name><name sortKey="De Serres, Gaston" sort="De Serres, Gaston" uniqKey="De Serres G" first="Gaston" last="De Serres">Gaston De Serres</name><name sortKey="Dickinson, Jim" sort="Dickinson, Jim" uniqKey="Dickinson J" first="Jim" last="Dickinson">Jim Dickinson</name><name sortKey="Drews, Steven J" sort="Drews, Steven J" uniqKey="Drews S" first="Steven J" last="Drews">Steven J. Drews</name><name sortKey="Fonseca, Kevin" sort="Fonseca, Kevin" uniqKey="Fonseca K" first="Kevin" last="Fonseca">Kevin Fonseca</name><name sortKey="Gardy, Jennifer L" sort="Gardy, Jennifer L" uniqKey="Gardy J" first="Jennifer L" last="Gardy">Jennifer L. Gardy</name><name sortKey="Hottes, Travis S" sort="Hottes, Travis S" uniqKey="Hottes T" first="Travis S" last="Hottes">Travis S. Hottes</name><name sortKey="Li, Yan" sort="Li, Yan" uniqKey="Li Y" first="Yan" last="Li">Yan Li</name><name sortKey="Petric, Martin" sort="Petric, Martin" uniqKey="Petric M" first="Martin" last="Petric">Martin Petric</name><name sortKey="Sabaiduc, Suzana" sort="Sabaiduc, Suzana" uniqKey="Sabaiduc S" first="Suzana" last="Sabaiduc">Suzana Sabaiduc</name><name sortKey="Skowronski, Danuta M" sort="Skowronski, Danuta M" uniqKey="Skowronski D" first="Danuta M" last="Skowronski">Danuta M. Skowronski</name><name sortKey="Taylor, Marsha" sort="Taylor, Marsha" uniqKey="Taylor M" first="Marsha" last="Taylor">Marsha Taylor</name><name sortKey="Winter, Anne Luise" sort="Winter, Anne Luise" uniqKey="Winter A" first="Anne-Luise" last="Winter">Anne-Luise Winter</name></noCountry><country name="Canada"><noRegion><name sortKey="Janjua, Naveed Z" sort="Janjua, Naveed Z" uniqKey="Janjua N" first="Naveed Z" last="Janjua">Naveed Z. Janjua</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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|texte= Estimates of influenza vaccine effectiveness for 2007-2008 from Canada's sentinel surveillance system: cross-protection against major and minor variants.
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